Latent diabetes, which is considered the beginning of diabetes, is a common problem in our hidden sugar society. Yeditepe University Hospitals Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases specialist Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Haliloğlu explained that if latent diabetes is detected early, its development can be prevented. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Haliloğlu answered the questions about latent diabetes.
What is Latent Diabetes (Prediabetes)?
Latent diabetes, commonly known as impaired fasting glucose, is a condition in which a person's blood sugar level is higher than normal but not high enough to diagnose diabetes. In other words, impaired fasting glucose is a candidate for Type 2 diabetes.
How often does prediabetes occur?
We can examine prediabetes roughly in 2 groups. The condition with impaired fasting sugar is called "impaired fasting glucose", while only the high in satiety blood sugar is called "impaired glucose tolerance". In some patients, these two conditions can be seen together. The International Diabetes Federation's (IDF) 2021 diabetes atlas predicts that approximately 319 million people worldwide have impaired fasting glucose and 541 million have impaired glucose tolerance.
Why is it important to identify prediabetes?
Studies have shown that the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in individuals with impaired fasting glucose is higher than in individuals with normal blood sugar. Again, studies have shown that latent diabetic individuals have a nearly 50% risk of developing obvious diabetes. With the early diagnosis of impaired fasting glucose, lifestyle changes, and medical treatments, diabetes development and diabetes-related complications can be prevented or delayed.
Who is at risk for prediabetes?
Individuals over the age of 45 should definitely be evaluated for prediabetes. In addition, if the body mass index is above 25 kg/m2 in younger than 45 years, it should be evaluated for prediabetes in the presence of some risk factors. These risk factors: Presence of diabetes in the family, especially in 1st and 2nd-degree relatives, high blood pressure, low HDL-cholesterol level, high triglyceride level, lack of inactivity or physical activity, presence of polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes, or a history of the birth of a large baby (>4kg) can be counted.
Prediyabet Tanısı Nasıl Konur?
Prediyabeti belirlemek için açlık kan şekeri veya oral glikoz tolerans testi (OGTT) yapılır. Normal bir bireyde açlık kan şekeri 100 mg/dl’nin altındadır. Eğer kişide pre-diyabet varsa açlık kan şekeri 100-125 mg/dl arasındadır. Eğer kan şekeri 126 mg/dl veya daha yüksekse birey diyabetlidir. OGTT’de ise bireyin kan şekeri açken ve glikozlu içecek içildikten 2 saat sonra (tokluk kan şekeri) ölçülür. Normal kan şekeri 2. saatte 140 mg/dl’nin altındadır. 2.saat kan şekeri 140-199 mg/dl arasında ise pre-diyabet, 2. saat kan şekeri 200 mg/dl’nin üstünde ise aşikar diyabet tanısı konulur.
Prediyabet Tedavi Yolları Nelerdir?
Pre-diyabetin ilaç dışı tedavilerini bireyselleştirilmiş beslenme tedavisi (günlük enerji ihtiyacının yüzde 50-60 kadar karbonhidrattan, en fazla yüzde 30-35 kadarı yağdan ve yüzde 15-20’si proteinden oluşmalı; lifli yiyecek alımı ve yeterli sıvı tüketimine dikkat edilmeli) ve fiziksel aktivite (haftada en az 150 dakika orta yoğunlukta tempolu aerobik egzersizler; hızlı yürüyüş, düșük tempolu koșu, bisiklet vs) oluşturmaktadır. Unutulmamalıdır ki, vücut ağırlığının ılımlı olarak azalması (yüzde 5-7) ile pre-diyabetten diyabete geçiş önlenebilmekte veya geciktirilebilmektedir.
Bunların dışında kaliteli, yeterli uyku ve sigaranın bırakılması önemlidir. İlaç dışı tedavilerin yanında hekim hastanın ihtiyacına göre pre-diyabet tedavisinde çeşitli ilaçlar da kullanabilir. Pre-diyabette kalp damar hastalıkları riski de arttığından hipertansiyon ya da kolesterol yüksekliği gibi kardiyovasküler hastalıklarla ilişkili diğer hastalıkların da uygun tedavisi önem arz eder.
It is Possible to Protect Yourself From Disease
Yeditepe University Hospital Endocrinology Specialist Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Haliloğlu listed the measures to be taken to prevent the disease as follows: "It is necessary to lose 5-10 percent of body weight to prevent the disease. For this, balanced nutrition and physical activity are very important. If possible, exercise should be done outdoors for at least 3 and at least 30 minutes a week. Since the meal order of each individual is different, adjustments should be made accordingly. For instance, some people are more suitable to eat 2 meals due to their lifestyle, while some people prefer to eat less and more often, and are suitable for this. These should be evaluated together with the physician and the patient. Nutrition should not be perceived as a diet. The goal of diapering should be to create a lifestyle change and continue life after that in this way. It must be sustainable. People with a family history of diabetes especially should be more careful about this.
Press Coverage: sozcu
