What is Genetic Testing?

Genetic tests are laboratory tests performed to diagnose certain hereditary diseases, determine susceptibility to diseases or reveal information about the genetic structure by examining the DNA of individuals. Genetic tests have become one of the cornerstones of personalized preventive medicine when making important decisions about your health.

In Which Situations Is Genetic Testing Performed?

Genetic tests are performed when a genetic disease is suspected. However, today it is known that the basis of many diseases is the result of changes in our genes. Genes are a kind of biological code, and the fact that they do not control the structure and functioning of our organs from the moment we are formed ensures their proper functioning. Genes can be faulty at birth or can be altered later. It is possible to determine any changes in genes - congenital or acquired - through genetic testing.

To Whom is Genetic Testing Performed?

No one thinks to themselves, "Let me check my cancer markers", they generally do not and should not have a test without any complaints. A physician should be consulted for all tests and analyzes. Similarly, in genetic tests, a medical geneticist should be consulted whether a specialist suspects a risk or the individual sees a risk due to familial history.

Which Diseases or Risks can be Detected With Genetic Tests?

Tests are specialized according to disease groups. For those with a family history of diabetes or hormonal problems, we can screen for these areas. Genetic tests can be applied for problems such as infertility in gynecology patients. The most common application is related to cancers. Only 5-8 percent of cancers show familial characteristics. Prevention is important in every disease, but early diagnosis in cancer saves lives. Individuals at high risk can be included in more frequent follow-up programs or preventive treatments can be applied.

What Should be Considered When Having a Genetic Test?

First of all, no one should do genetic testing on their own. No test should be performed without consulting a medical geneticist, even if another specialist has recommended a test. Genetic tests are personalized and their interpretation requires expertise. The test request and result must be evaluated by a medical geneticist. Information obtained from the internet or other sources may be misleading. Therefore, tests should be performed under the supervision of a geneticist.

This content was prepared by Yeditepe University Hospitals Medical Editorial Board.

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