Joint pain and restricted movement are among the common health problems that can negatively affect quality of life. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, it is possible to bring these complaints under control. The Orthopedics and Traumatology Specialists at Yeditepe University Hospitals have answered frequently asked questions about arthritis.

What Is Arthritis?

Arthritis is the general name for diseases that affect the joints and can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement. Arthritis is a leading cause of work disability and serious impairment for many people. Although this group of diseases mainly affects adults, children can also be affected.

What Are the Types of Arthritis?

There are more than 100 different types of arthritis. Among these, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most commonly encountered types.

What Is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis. It affects many people as they age, but it can also begin at a younger age. It is generally more painful in weight-bearing joints such as the knee, hip, and spine compared to the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints. All joints can be more severely affected if they are heavily used during work or sports, or if they have been damaged due to fractures or other injuries.
In osteoarthritis, the cartilage that covers the ends of bones gradually wears away. In most cases, bony growths called "spurs" may develop in osteoarthritic joints. Joint inflammation causes pain and swelling. Continuous use of the joint also causes pain. Some relief may be achieved with rest or by modifying the activity.

What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term disease that can affect many parts of the body, including the joints. In rheumatoid arthritis, the joint linings swell, invade surrounding tissues, and produce chemical substances that destroy the joint surface. This condition is often seen in the joints of the hands and feet. Larger joints such as the hip, knee, and elbow can also be affected. Swelling, pain, and stiffness are usually present even when the joint is not being used. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect people of all ages, including children. However, more than 70 percent of people with this disease are over the age of 30. Many joints of the body can be affected simultaneously.

How Is Arthritis Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of arthritis generally involves evaluating symptoms, a physical examination, and X-rays, which are important for showing the extent of joint damage. Blood tests and other laboratory tests can help determine the type of arthritis.

How Is Arthritis Treated?

The goal of arthritis treatment is to relieve pain, increase movement, and improve strength. There are several types of treatment:

Medications

The doctor selects a medication based on the type of arthritis, its severity, and the patient's overall physical health. Injections of liquid cortisone directly into the joint can help temporarily relieve pain and swelling. However, it is important to know that frequent repeated injections into the same joint can damage the joint and may have unwanted side effects.

Joint Protection

Canes, crutches, walkers, or splints can help reduce stress and strain on arthritic joints. Learning methods for daily activities that are less stressful for painful joints can also aid in joint protection. Some exercises and physical therapy (such as heat therapy) can be used to reduce stiffness around the joint and strengthen weakened muscles.

Surgery

Generally, an orthopedist performs surgery for arthritis when other non-surgical treatment methods have not provided relief. The doctor and patient choose the type of surgical intervention, taking into account the type and severity of the arthritis and the patient's physical condition. Surgical procedures include: