What is Hepatitis B? What are its symptoms? How is it Transmitted?

Hepatitis B (HBV), a serious viral infection that affects the liver, affects millions of people worldwide and in Turkey. The fact that it can become chronic and lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer makes the disease a more serious problem. 

According to World Health Organization (WHO) data, approximately 3.5% of the world's population (296 million people) live with chronic Hepatitis B infection. In addition, statistics show that approximately 820,000 people die each year from Hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis and cancer. 
According to data from the Ministry of Health, the carrier rate in Turkey varies between 2-4%. Approximately 150,000 new cases are diagnosed each year in Turkey. 

In this article, we have compiled up-to-date information about the symptoms of Hepatitis B, how it is transmitted, treatment methods, and ways to protect yourself, which are extremely important for public health.

What is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). It can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). The virus can take 15-180 days to show symptoms. The disease requires regular monitoring.

What Are the Symptoms of Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B may progress silently without symptoms in some people, while others may experience the following complaints. Hepatitis B symptoms usually appear 2-3 months after infection. Some people may be carriers and continue their daily lives without showing any symptoms. 

•    Weakness and fatigue
•    Loss of appetite
•    Nausea and vomiting
•    Abdominal pain, especially in the liver area 
•    Yellowing of the skin and eyes
•    Dark urine and light-colored stools

How is Hepatitis B Spread?

HBV spreads through blood and bodily fluids. The most common ways it spreads are:

Spread through blood:

• Infected blood transfusions (untested blood products)
• Sharing needles among drug users

Unsterile medical and cosmetic procedures:

• Tattoos
• Piercings
• Ear piercing
• Manicure/pedicure tools

Unprotected sexual intercourse
Transmission from mother to baby during birth (through the umbilical cord)
Sharing personal items such as razors and toothbrushes 
Close contact in unhygienic environments

How is Hepatitis B Treated?

Hepatitis B treatment varies depending on whether it is acute or chronic. Most people recover spontaneously from acute Hepatitis B. Supportive treatments such as bed rest, drinking plenty of fluids, eating a balanced diet, avoiding alcohol, and following a diet that does not strain the liver (avoiding fatty foods) are beneficial.  Chronic Hepatitis B is treated with antiviral drugs and requires regular medical check-ups. Liver transplants may be necessary in advanced cases.

How to Protect Yourself from Hepatitis B ?

Get Vaccinated: The Hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective method of protection. (It is routinely administered to infants in Turkey.)
Practice Safe Sex: Condom use prevents transmission.
Do Not Share Personal Items: Items such as razors and toothbrushes should be personal.
Do Not Use Unsterilized Medical Equipment: Single-use equipment should be used for tattoos, piercings, and medical procedures.
Be Careful with Blood and Body Fluids: Avoid untested blood transfusions and do not share needles.

Hepatitis B is a preventable disease. However, it is possible to minimize the risk by getting vaccinated, practicing safe sex, and following hygiene rules. If you have any doubts about this, don't neglect to see a doctor and get tested!
 

Hepatit B, önlenebilir bir hastalıktır. Ancak aşı, güvenli cinsel ilişki ve hijyen kurallarına uyarak riski en aza indirmek mümkün. Bu konuda şüpheniz varsa doktor kontrolüne gitmeyi ve test yaptırmayı ihmal etmeyin!