What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose symptoms generally emerge within the first three years of life and is primarily characterized by certain difficulties in the development of social interaction skills. Although autism is thought to be associated with certain nervous system problems that affect the normal functioning of the brain, its exact causes have not yet been fully established. The general consensus is that genetic predisposition plays an important role and that the way a child is raised has no effect on the development of autism. However, it remains unclear which genes are involved in autism and whether environmental factors play any role. Autism spectrum disorder can occur in every country, society, and type of family.

Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of autism in the general population is higher than previously reported. According to recent research, the prevalence is approximately 1.7%, corresponding to about 1 in every 59 children. Autism spectrum disorder is four times more common in boys than in girls.